Difference Between dash, ndash, mdash, hyphen and minus sign

Hyphen and minus are shorter and dashes are longer.

En-dashes and em-dashed are not included in the iso-8859-1 character set.

What does em and en mean?
En is half the width of em. Em is a typography measurement.
An em is a unit of measurement in the field of typography, equal to the currently specified point size.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Em_(typography)

keyboard Shortcut to en

alt + 0150
en-dash

keyboard Shortcut to em

alt + 151
em-dash

 

minus sign (the hyphen) is located on the keyboard

 

ISO-8859-1 Character set
http://htmlhelp.com/reference/charset/latin1.gif

Special Character Keyboard Shortcuts
http://tools.oratory.com/altcodes.htm